Secret Network
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  • 👋INTRODUCTION
    • Secret Network Introduction
    • Secret Network Techstack
      • Private transactions - A quick summary
      • Blockchain Technology
        • Cosmos Basics
        • Tendermint
        • Cosmos SDK
        • IBC
        • CosmWasm
      • Privacy Technology
        • Encryption - Key Management
          • Overview
          • Key Derivation & Encryption Techniques
          • The Initialization Of Secret Network
          • Full Node Boostrap
          • Contract State Encryption
          • Transaction Encryption
          • Consensus seed rotation
        • Trusted Execution Environments  (TEE) —  Intel SGX
          • How Secret Network Uses SGX
          • SGX-SPS Security & Reliabillity
          • Remote Attestation
          • Trusted & Untrusted Core
          • Sealing
        • Private smart contracts - overview
  • 💻Development
    • 🏠Getting Started
      • Setting Up Your Environment
        • Cargo.toml Best Practices (Crates vs Dependencies)
      • Compile and Deploy
      • Running the Application
      • Compile and Deploy on Secret testnet (best for Javascript devs)
      • Fullstack dApp Integration
    • 🤓Secret Contracts
      • Secret Contracts & CosmWasm
        • Framework overview
        • Secret Contract Components
          • Instantiation Message
          • Execution Message
          • Query Message
          • Deps/DepsMut
          • Storage
            • Prefixed Storage
            • Singleton
            • Keymap
            • Append Store
            • Best practices
        • CosmWasm vs Secret CosmWasm
      • Secret Tokens (SNIP-20)
      • Contract - module call
      • Secret contract - Design Space/Features
        • Secret Contracts introduction
        • Gas/Fee usage
        • TPS and scalability
        • Privacy Essentials
        • Access Control
          • Viewing Keys
          • Permits
        • Trusted and untrusted data
        • Secret-VRF - on-chain Randomness
        • Privacy design
          • Mitigate privacy risks - full guide
          • Gas Evaporation & Tracking
        • Confidential Computing Layer
        • Fiat/Crypto Onboarding
        • Account abstraction
        • Fee abstraction
        • Wallet support
        • Bridge (messaging/tokens)
        • IBC (Hooks, PFM, Wasm)
        • Price Oracles
        • Auto Restaking
      • Permissioned Viewing
        • Viewing Keys
        • Permits
      • Cross Contract Communication
      • Submessages
        • get_contract_code_hash
      • Randomness API - Secret VRF
        • Native On-chain randomness
        • Randomness over IBC
      • Execution Finalization
      • Factory Contracts
      • Contract Migration
        • Manual - < v1.11
        • Native - from v1.11
      • Cross-deploy Vanilla CW and Secret Contracts
      • Testing Secret Contracts
        • Unit Tests
        • Continuous Integration
        • Datatype Handling - Uint, floats etc.
    • 👀Secret Contract - Reference, Guides, Examples
      • Starter guide - Millionaire's Problem
      • Reference Contracts
      • Open source dApps
      • Tools & Libraries
        • Network interaction SDKs
          • Secret.js (JavaScript)
          • SecretPy (Python)
          • SecretK (Kotlin)
          • Secret.NET
            • Snippets
              • Deploying a Contract
              • Send Native Coin
              • Query a Contract
              • Create a new Wallet
              • Permits
              • SNIP20
              • SNIP721
          • Shade.Js
        • LocalSecret - Devnet docker
        • Smart contract - Tools/Utils
          • Secret Toolkit
          • CW-Plus
          • Fadroma - SC framework
          • Hidden Gems
          • Other
            • Secret IDE
            • Polar
    • 🖼️Frontend Development
      • Getting Started with SecretJS
        • Usage Examples
          • Sending Queries
          • Sending Messages
          • Contract Migration
          • Wallet Integrations
          • Query Permits
          • SNIP20 (SCRT Tokens)
          • SNIP721 (Secret NFTs)
      • Feegrant
        • Understanding Feegrant allowances
        • Grant allowances
        • Using grant allowances to execute transactions
        • Using the Fee Grant Faucet
    • 📬Deployment Addresses/ API Endpoints
      • Secret (SNIP 20) token contracts list
        • SNIP Asset naming guidelines
      • Connecting to the Network
        • API Endpoints Mainnet (Secret-4)
        • API Endpoints Testnet (Pulsar-3)
        • Usage examples
        • Comparison of endpoint types
      • Create your own SNIP-25 IBC Token
  • Secret AI
    • 🤝Introduction
    • 🏗️Architecture
    • 👩‍💻Secret AI SDK
      • Setting Up Your Environment
      • Running the Application
    • 🪙Economics
    • Smart Contract Reference
      • SubscriptionManager
      • WorkerManager
      • RewardsManager
  • 🌐SecretVM - Confidential Virtual Machines
    • 🤝Introduction
    • 🏗️Architecture
    • ☑️Attestation
      • What is Attestation
      • Obtaining Attestation Data
      • Attestation Report - Key Fields
      • Chain of Trust
    • 🏁Launching a SecretVM
    • 🛠️Managing SecretVM Lifecycle
    • ✅Verifying a SecretVM
    • 💡Best Practices for Developers
    • 📖Glossary
  • 🔓Confidential Computing Layer
    • 🧑‍🚀IBC Developer Toolkit
      • Basics
        • Overview
        • Cross-chain Messaging with IBC Hooks
          • Functions, Methods, and Data Structures
          • Typescript SDK
          • IBC-Hooks
        • IBC Relaying with Go Relayer
      • Usecases
        • Storing Encrypted Data on Secret Network
          • Key-Value store Developer Tutorial
        • Secret VRF for IBC with IBC-Hooks
        • Confidential Voting
        • Sealed Bid Auctions
      • Supported Networks
        • Mainnet
        • Testnet
    • 🤝Ethereum (EVM) Developer Toolkit
      • Basics
        • Overview
        • Connecting Metamask to Secret Network
        • SecretPath + Reown integration
        • Cross-chain Messaging
          • SecretPath
            • Architecture Overview
            • Detailed Architecture
            • SecretPath Developer Tutorials
            • Public EVM Gateway Architecture
            • How to deploy SecretPath on your chain
          • Axelar GMP
            • Architecture Overview
            • Axelar GMP Developer Tutorial
      • Usecases
        • Storing Encrypted Data on Secret Network
          • Key-Value store Developer Tutorial
        • Sealed Bid Auction
          • Sealed Bid Auction Developer Tutorial
        • Confidential Voting
          • Confidential Voting Developer Tutorial with SecretPath
        • VRF
          • Implementing VRF into any EVM Contract
          • VRF Developer Tutorial
          • Performance figures of SecretVRF vs competitors
          • Using encrypted payloads for VRF
          • Converting from Chainlink VRF to Secret VRF in four steps
        • Confidential Document Sharing
        • Tokens
          • From EVM to Secret
      • Supported Networks
        • EVM
          • EVM Mainnet
          • EVM Testnet
          • Gateway Contract ABI
        • Secret Gateway
          • SecretPath mainnet (secret-4) contracts
          • SecretPath testnet (pulsar-3) contracts
    • 🙌Solana Developer Toolkit
      • Usecases
        • Storing Encrypted Data on Secret Network
          • Key-value Store Developer Tutorial
        • VRF
          • VRF Developer Tutorial
      • Program IDs
        • Solana Mainnet & Testnet
        • Gateway Contract IDL
  • 🤫Overview, Ecosystem and Technology
    • 🚀Secret Network Overview
      • The SCRT coin
      • Private Tokens
      • Use Cases
        • Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
        • Art And Digital Media
        • Gaming
        • Data Privacy
        • Payments And Transactions
        • Communication
      • The technology
      • History
      • Roadmap (Core development)
        • Secret 2.0
      • Where To Buy SCRT?
      • Using the Testnet
    • 🐸Ecosystem Overview
      • Wallets
      • Applications
      • Explorers & tools
      • Funding
        • SCRT Labs Grants
        • Dilutive funding/VC raise
        • Community Pool
        • Developer bounties
          • SCRT Labs bounties [on-hold]
          • CCBL [on-hold]
          • CCR [On-hold]
        • Application specific
          • Shade Grants
      • Contributors & Entities
        • Validators
        • SCRT Labs
        • Secret Foundation
        • Secret Committees
          • Support
          • Governance
      • Secret Network Dictionary
  • 🔧Infrastructure
    • 🔓Use SecretCLI
      • Secretcli vs. Secretd
      • Install
      • Configuration
      • Address Types
      • Key Types
      • Generating Keys
      • Viewing Keys
      • Query Transactions
      • Send Tokens
      • Multisig Keys
      • Multisig Transactions
      • Transaction Broadcasting
      • Fees & Gas
      • Fee Distribution
      • Secret Contracts
      • Slashing
      • Minting
      • Delegating
      • Restake
      • Nodes
      • Governance
        • Creating Governance Proposals
        • Query Proposals
        • Deposits
        • Voting
    • 🔐Use Ledger hardware wallet
      • 🔐Ledger with SecretCLI
    • 🖥️Running a node/validator
      • Setting up a node/validator
        • Hardware setup
          • Hardware Compliance
          • VPS/Bare-Metal Compliance
            • Leaseweb Setup
            • PhoenixNAP Setup
            • Psychz Setup
            • nForce Setup
            • Vultr Setup
            • OVHCloud Setup
            • Microsoft Azure Setup
          • Patching your Node
          • Enclave verification
          • Registration troubleshooting
        • Testnet Setup
          • Install SGX
          • Install secretd
          • Setup Full Node
          • Testnet State Sync
          • Becoming a Testnet Validator
          • Installing CLI & Creating A New Address
        • Mainnet Setup
          • Install SGX
          • Install secretd
          • Setup Full Node
          • Quicksync / Snapshot
          • Statesync
          • Becoming A Validator
          • Installing CLI & Creating A New Address
      • Maintaining a node/validator
        • Slashing information
        • Migrating a Validator
        • Troubleshooting
        • Validator Backup
        • Server security
          • SSH authentication
          • Server configuration
          • Uncomplicated-Firewall (UFW)
          • Local CLI
        • Node Monitoring
          • Prometheus
            • Environment Preperation
            • Install Node Exporter
            • Install Prometheus
            • Configuring Prometheus
          • Grafana
            • Install Grafana
            • Grafana Dashboard
            • Next Steps
          • Docker
            • Install Docker
            • Configuration
            • Start Containers
            • Grafana Dashboard
            • Application Ports
            • Stop Containers
          • Goaccess
            • Install Goaccess
            • Setup Goaccess
        • Helpful commands
          • Query Validators
          • Bond Tokens
          • Withdraw Rewards
          • Query Delegations
          • Unbond Tokens
          • Query Unbonding-Delegations
          • Redelegate Tokens
          • Query Redelegations
          • Query Parameters
          • Query Pool
          • Query Delegations To Validator
      • API Noderunning
        • Running Multiple Nodes on the Same Server
        • Node Loadbalancing using Nginx
          • Setup Nginx
          • Example Nginx config
        • Using Auto heal to improve cluster uptime for Nginx
      • Sentry and Archive nodes
        • Mantlemint
        • Sentry Nodes
        • Archive Nodes
    • ⛓️IBC Relayers
      • Hermes
      • RLY
      • IBC channel database
    • 🆙Upgrade Instructions
      • v1.13
      • v1.12
      • v1.11
      • v1.10
      • v1.9
      • v1.8
      • v1.7
      • Shockwave Omega v1.6
      • v1.5
      • Shockwave Delta v1.4
      • Shockwave Delta v1.4 (Testnet)
      • Shockwave Alpha v1.3
      • Cosmovisor
      • Vulcan Network Upgrade (OLD)
    • ☠️Postmortems
      • SNIP-20 leaks
      • xApic
      • Secpk-Verifications Bloat
      • Earn Contract Exploit
      • Testnet Halt 95
    • ✍️Contribute to the documentation
      • Report Bugs
      • Suggest Enhancements
      • First Contribution Guide
      • Pull Request Templates
        • Update Documentation
        • Bug Fix
        • Improve Performance
        • Change Functionality
      • Style Guide
    • 🌊Versioning & Changelog
      • Secret Network v1.13
      • Secret Network v1.12
      • Secret Network v1.11
      • Secret Network v1.10
      • Secret network v1.9
      • Secret Network v1.7/1.8
      • Secret Network v1.6
      • Secret Network v1.5
      • Secret Network v1.4 (CosmWasm 1.0)
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  • Public binary
  • Encrypted input, output, state
  • The CosmWasm framework

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  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. Secret Network Techstack
  3. Privacy Technology

Private smart contracts - overview

PreviousSealingNextGetting Started

Last updated 5 months ago

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Secret Contracts are enabled by the “compute” module of the Cosmos SDK, and execute over plaintext while still allowing for encrypted inputs, outputs, and states because of trusted and verifiable computations. Consensus with an encrypted state is reached by using shared secrets amongst the validator nodes of the network.

In this part of the documentation, we highlight the flow of data for interactions on the secret network and dive into the design of Secret Contracts and their differentiations from standard CosmWasm contracts.

Public binary

A Secret Contract’s code is always deployed publicly on-chain, so users and developers know exactly what code will be executed on submitted data. However, the data that is submitted is encrypted, it cannot be read by a developer, anyone observing the chain, or anyone running a node. If the behavior of the code is trusted (which is possible because it is recorded on chain), a user of Secret Contracts obtains strong privacy guarantees.

Encrypted input, output, state

The encrypted data can only be accessed from within the “trusted execution environment”, or enclave, that the compute module requires each validator to run. The computation of the Secret Contract is then performed, within this trusted enclave, where the data is decrypted. When the computation is completed, the output is encrypted and recorded on-chain.

Want to learn more about the encryption specification of the contract state? - Read the technical specification on Contract state encryption

The CosmWasm framework

Secret contracts are an altered version of the CosmWasm Rust based smart contract framework and share many resemblance. The contracts written in Rust compile to a Wasm binary that is than run by the Wasmd module of the cosmos SDK. The version of Secret is altered in such a way that all executions are done inside the secure enclave requiring additional data verification and more. This also means queries of the contract state or contract execution are permissioned to only the signer of the transaction themselves. Contract state queries requiring opening up the VM in the enclave and are therefore more intensive to run than generic plaintext cosmos-sdk queries.

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