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Contract State Encryption

Encryption at deployment of contract

When a contract is executed on chain the state of the contracts needs to be encrypted so that observers can not see the computation that is initialized. The contract should be able to call certain functions inside the enclave and store the contract state on-chain.

A contract can call 3 different functions: write_db(field_name, value), read_db(field_name), and remove_db(field_name) . It is important that the field_name remains constant between contract calls.

We will go over the different steps associated with the encryption of the contract state.

1. Create `contract_key`

The contract_key is the encryption key for the contract state and is a combination of two values: signer_id || authenticated_contract_key. Every contract has its own unforgeable encryption key. The concatenation of the values is what makes every unique and this is important for several reasons

Make sure the state of two contracts with the same code is different
Make sure a malicious node runner won't be able to locally encrypt transactions with it's own encryption key, and then decrypt the resulting state with the fake key

so to reiterate, every contract on Secret Network has its own unique and unforgeable encryption key contract_key

This process of creating contract_key is started when the Secret contract is deployed on-chain. First authentication_key is generated using HDKF-SHA256 inside the enclave from the following values:

consensus_state_ikm
HDK-salt
signer_id

signer_id = sha256(concat(msg_sender, block_height));

authentication_key = hkdf({
 salt: hkdf_salt,
 info: "contract_key",
 ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, signer_id),
});

From the authentication_key create authenticated_contract_key by calling the hmac-SHA256 hash function with the contract code_hash as hashing data.

This step makes sure the key is unique for every contracts with different code.

authenticated_contract_key = hmac_sha256({
  key: authentication_key,
  data: code_hash,
});

Lastly concat the signer_id and authenticated_contract_key to create contract_key. This step makes it so the key is unforgeable as the key can only be recreated with the current signer_id

contract_key = concat(signer_id, authenticated_contract_key);

Every time a contract execution is called, contract_key should be sent to the enclave. In the enclave, the following verification needs to happen to proof a genuine contract_key

signer_id = contract_key.slice(0, 32);
expected_contract_key = contract_key.slice(32, 64);

authentication_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  info: "contract_key",
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, signer_id),
});

calculated_contract_key = hmac_sha256({
  key: authentication_key,
  data: code_hash,
});

assert(calculated_contract_key == expected_contract_key);

3. Callback function logic

write_db(field_name, value)

encryption_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, field_name, contract_key),
});

encrypted_field_name = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: field_name,
});

current_state_ciphertext = internal_read_db(encrypted_field_name);

if (current_state_ciphertext == null) {
  // field_name doesn't yet initialized in state
  ad = sha256(encrypted_field_name);
} else {
  // read previous_ad, verify it, calculate new ad
  previous_ad = current_state_ciphertext.slice(0, 32); // first 32 bytes/256 bits
  current_state_ciphertext = current_state_ciphertext.slice(32); // skip first 32 bytes

  aes_128_siv_decrypt({
    key: encryption_key,
    data: current_state_ciphertext,
    ad: previous_ad,
  }); // just to authenticate previous_ad
  ad = sha256(previous_ad);
}

new_state_ciphertext = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: value,
  ad: ad,
});

new_state = concat(ad, new_state_ciphertext);

internal_write_db(encrypted_field_name, new_state);

read_db(field_name)

encryption_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, field_name, contract_key),
});

encrypted_field_name = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: field_name,
});

current_state_ciphertext = internal_read_db(encrypted_field_name);

if (current_state_ciphertext == null) {
  // field_name doesn't yet initialized in state
  return null;
}

// read ad, verify it
ad = current_state_ciphertext.slice(0, 32); // first 32 bytes/256 bits
current_state_ciphertext = current_state_ciphertext.slice(32); // skip first 32 bytes
current_state_plaintext = aes_128_siv_decrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: current_state_ciphertext,
  ad: ad,
});

return current_state_plaintext;

remove_db(field_name)

Very similar to read_db.

encryption_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, field_name, contract_key),
});

encrypted_field_name = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: field_name,
});

internal_remove_db(encrypted_field_name);

Contract State Encryption

Encryption at deployment of contract

We will go over the different steps associated with the encryption of the contract state.

1. Create `contract_key`

Make sure the state of two contracts with the same code is different
Make sure a malicious node runner won't be able to locally encrypt transactions with it's own encryption key, and then decrypt the resulting state with the fake key

so to reiterate, every contract on Secret Network has its own unique and unforgeable encryption key contract_key

consensus_state_ikm
HDK-salt
signer_id

signer_id = sha256(concat(msg_sender, block_height));

authentication_key = hkdf({
 salt: hkdf_salt,
 info: "contract_key",
 ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, signer_id),
});

From the authentication_key create authenticated_contract_key by calling the hmac-SHA256 hash function with the contract code_hash as hashing data.

This step makes sure the key is unique for every contracts with different code.

authenticated_contract_key = hmac_sha256({
  key: authentication_key,
  data: code_hash,
});

Lastly concat the signer_id and authenticated_contract_key to create contract_key. This step makes it so the key is unforgeable as the key can only be recreated with the current signer_id

contract_key = concat(signer_id, authenticated_contract_key);

Every time a contract execution is called, contract_key should be sent to the enclave. In the enclave, the following verification needs to happen to proof a genuine contract_key

signer_id = contract_key.slice(0, 32);
expected_contract_key = contract_key.slice(32, 64);

authentication_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  info: "contract_key",
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, signer_id),
});

calculated_contract_key = hmac_sha256({
  key: authentication_key,
  data: code_hash,
});

assert(calculated_contract_key == expected_contract_key);

3. Callback function logic

write_db(field_name, value)

encryption_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, field_name, contract_key),
});

encrypted_field_name = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: field_name,
});

current_state_ciphertext = internal_read_db(encrypted_field_name);

if (current_state_ciphertext == null) {
  // field_name doesn't yet initialized in state
  ad = sha256(encrypted_field_name);
} else {
  // read previous_ad, verify it, calculate new ad
  previous_ad = current_state_ciphertext.slice(0, 32); // first 32 bytes/256 bits
  current_state_ciphertext = current_state_ciphertext.slice(32); // skip first 32 bytes

  aes_128_siv_decrypt({
    key: encryption_key,
    data: current_state_ciphertext,
    ad: previous_ad,
  }); // just to authenticate previous_ad
  ad = sha256(previous_ad);
}

new_state_ciphertext = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: value,
  ad: ad,
});

new_state = concat(ad, new_state_ciphertext);

internal_write_db(encrypted_field_name, new_state);

read_db(field_name)

encryption_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, field_name, contract_key),
});

encrypted_field_name = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: field_name,
});

current_state_ciphertext = internal_read_db(encrypted_field_name);

if (current_state_ciphertext == null) {
  // field_name doesn't yet initialized in state
  return null;
}

// read ad, verify it
ad = current_state_ciphertext.slice(0, 32); // first 32 bytes/256 bits
current_state_ciphertext = current_state_ciphertext.slice(32); // skip first 32 bytes
current_state_plaintext = aes_128_siv_decrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: current_state_ciphertext,
  ad: ad,
});

return current_state_plaintext;

remove_db(field_name)

Very similar to read_db.

encryption_key = hkdf({
  salt: hkdf_salt,
  ikm: concat(consensus_state_ikm, field_name, contract_key),
});

encrypted_field_name = aes_128_siv_encrypt({
  key: encryption_key,
  data: field_name,
});

internal_remove_db(encrypted_field_name);

Contract State Encryption

Encryption at deployment of contract

1. Create contract_key

2. At execution share contract_key with enclave

3. Callback function logic

Contract State Encryption

Encryption at deployment of contract

1. Create contract_key

2. At execution share contract_key with enclave

3. Callback function logic

1. Create `contract_key`

2. At execution share `contract_key` with enclave

1. Create `contract_key`

2. At execution share `contract_key` with enclave